Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Using flask.make_response() to return raw or unescaped HTML content can expose your application to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, as it does not automatically escape user input. To prevent this, use flask.render_template() for HTML responses or flask.jsonify() for API data.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Directly using Jinja2 templates in Flask (e.g., with jinja2.Environment or jinja2.Template.render) can bypass Flask’s built-in HTML escaping, making it easy to introduce XSS vulnerabilities. It’s safer to use Flask’s render_template() with ‘.html’ templates to ensure proper output sanitization.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Using ‘Markup()’ or similar functions to render content without escaping allows raw HTML to be inserted directly into the page. If this content comes from untrusted sources, it can introduce serious security risks.

Impact

Attackers could inject malicious scripts (XSS) into your application, leading to stolen user data, session hijacking, or manipulation of the site’s behavior. This can compromise user trust and potentially expose sensitive information.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Medium
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Medium

Description

User input is being inserted directly into HTML strings instead of using safe templating methods. This can allow attackers to inject malicious scripts if the input is not properly sanitized.

Impact

If exploited, attackers could execute JavaScript in users’ browsers (cross-site scripting), leading to stolen session cookies, user data theft, defacement of the site, or actions performed on behalf of users without their consent.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Using mark_safe() in Django marks a string as safe for HTML output, disabling automatic escaping. If user-controlled input is marked safe, it can introduce security risks like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).

Impact

An attacker could inject malicious scripts into your web pages, leading to stolen user data, session hijacking, or defacement. This compromises user trust and may expose sensitive information or allow further attacks on your application.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Disabling autoescape in Django template contexts allows untrusted user input to be rendered as raw HTML. This bypasses Django’s built-in protections and can introduce cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities.

Impact

If exploited, attackers could inject malicious scripts into your web pages, leading to data theft, account compromise, or unauthorized actions on behalf of users. This compromises user trust and may expose sensitive information or systems.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Using ‘is_safe=True’ in a Django template filter tells Django not to escape the filter’s output, which can accidentally allow untrusted HTML or JavaScript into pages. If the filter modifies input or uses external data, this can create security risks.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Passing a formatted string (such as an f-string or a result of .format()) as the first argument to Django’s format_html bypasses automatic HTML escaping. This can let unsafe user input be inserted directly into HTML, leading to vulnerabilities.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Rendering data directly to users using ‘HttpResponse’ in Django bypasses the framework’s automatic HTML escaping, making it easy to accidentally expose user input or untrusted data in the response. This can lead to unsafe content being delivered to browsers.

Property
Language
Severity
CWE	CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP	A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Confidence Level	Low
Impact Level	Medium
Likelihood Level	Low

Description

Defining a html method in Django tells the template engine that your data is safe to render without escaping, which can unintentionally allow untrusted input to be output as raw HTML. This makes it easy to introduce cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities if any user-controlled data is returned.